An Introduction
journalistic genre is a literary form that is used to tell stories of current through a newspaper. These genres have their roots in the history of journalism and there are several stages. If you get to read a newspaper you will see that contains news, articles, photographs, advertisements, etc. In the press there are three different types of journalistic genres: news, opinion and interpretation. It is not easy to differentiate from each other.
Gender information is based on the news and reports objectives. The news is the story of a current event that raises public interest. The goal is a narrative report that describes a fact excluding valuation opinion or gender periodista.El opinion editorials and opinion pieces. The editorial is the opinion of the newspaper article. The articles or reviews of opinion, more and more presence, as you noted, are the personal approach of someone who writes on a topic of gender actualidad.El combines interpretive information and opinion that arise cocktail features, reports interpretation, interviews, etc.
Origin gender
appear linked journalistic genres, from the beginning to the press. For this reason, when one asks what is a journalistic genre? should know they are different literary forms that are used to having things present, provided that after appearing in some media, in our case the press.
The genera are divided into two main sections. On the one hand, referring to the stories they tell the facts, and secondly, the comments are used to provide ideas.
The origin of journalistic genres has been closely related to the history of journalism and, from mid-nineteenth century, are known in several stages:
a)
the ideological journalism, which exist throughout the world until the end of the First World War. It is doctrinal and moral standards in the service of political or religious ideas. It is a stage in which the press contributed very little information and many comments.
b)
the informative journalism that rises above 1870, parallel to the ideological journalism, and that will be emerging after 1914, first in England and then in the U.S. as a journalism that primarily supports in the narrative or the narrative of events. This stage has been called "the Golden Age of the Press" on the facts imposed on the comments. The Anglo-Saxons call story, and gives way to what is now known as information "pure and hard", although in this journalistic genre also enter information reports and chronicles, with their respective variants.
c)
since 1945, when World War II ended, the stage starts journalism explanation. are seeking greater depth of information, for which the journalist uses a mix of narrative and commentary Why? For the reader through a narrative of the facts, understand the value judgments quickly and easily. This way of counting things is appreciated, especially in the gender of the report in depth.
from reading a printed newspaper, there are different ways of presenting information:
news or stories of events
comments or articles that develop certain ideas
photos
ads
Information
opinion in the press we can distinguish three kinds of journalistic genres: informative genre, gender and gender interpretive opinion. The latter emerges as a genre hybrid of information and opinion and journalistic takes different forms. Initially
differentiate costs few other genres. But to be a good reader of the press (and even a future journalist) should know clearly distinguish the information and opinions that appear in the pages of newspapers.
newspapers and magazines including it in their content pages reserved for information (news, objective reporting), others are reserved to provide views on the news (editorials, columns, opinion), we can also find ways to interpret newspaper reality, combining data information with certain approaches and personal judgments of the author himself (chronic, interpretive reports, interviews). In the press can distinguish three different positions to inform, review and interpret.
All are valid from a journalistic standpoint. While the reader should not find any difficulty in distinguishing when faced with information or news and when to an opinion. Journalistic genres, styles, language used, have as one of its purposes the news reader can distinguish these attitudes.
newspapers and magazines, usually to differentiate more clearly the data of opinion, some specific pages dedicated to group all the contents which could be considered opinion. If you are reading one of these pages, know that you are offered a specific views on various news, always with a purpose implied by the writer to convince the reader of the rightness of his position. However, it is assumed that the remaining space of the newspaper or magazine is intended for the information, and in any case, the interpretation.
Sometimes news articles of opinion and share the same page, but in such cases can be distinguished typographically clear: using different fonts, framed items, etc.
If you pay a little attention, when anyone can read a newspaper to realize that the journalist has an essentially informative, explanatory in nature, when writing a story. However, the editorialist or columnist of opinion that it is to advocate for business principles and approaches, so try to convince their own ideas.
The information, interpretation and opinion found in the press enrich our vision today. These attitudes and genres that are complementary as each performs its own functions. The problem arises if the reader confuses a personal opinion of a regular collaborator with a piece of information that is objective and truthful.
The news or information
News are, in addition to objective reporting, the news genre. The news is the story of a current event that raises public interest. The journalist has a responsibility to report as objectively and truthfully as possible how these events have occurred or facts.
The news has a clearly defined features and the journalist is fulfilled with the utmost professionalism. The reader receives the information without any personal assessment or opinion of a journalist who has written the news.
When you have to write a story should not expect to be the most original or most creative, but the most accurate, truthful and objective. Linguistic style used is clearly defined by the following rules: clear, concise and concrete (the three Cs).
journalist sorts the data in the narrative of the story in descending order of their importance: Some of the most important to reach those less significant than close the body of your story. The news follows an inverted pyramid structure. In the news
should include essential information for understanding the event. You have to provide the public with responses to calls 5 W:
Who, what, when, where, why (
who, what, when, where, why , which can add
How (
How ).
The wording of the news has rigid guidelines with little room for creativity or originality of the information professional. However, gender is more effectively fulfill the function that can be considered a priority for the journalist to inform.
The news consists of three parts: headline, lead or intro and body of the story.
The report can distinguish two types of reports: the report objective and the interpretive report. Each belongs to a genre of journalism. The objective reporting is considered a kind of information, while the interpretive report is classified as a genre of interpretation.
meets the objective reporting largely the same functions as the news. Presents many common elements, especially the journalist maintains objectivity in presenting the facts. It is a descriptive account should not include personal opinions or values \u200b\u200bof journalism, although this type of reporting has its own characteristic features which distinguish it from the news. Perhaps the most obvious is that its size is usually larger. The report, therefore, allows the journalist to offer a greater number of additional data when writing a story where you must stick to the essential, given the limited space with which he works.
also found differences in regard to language. In the case of the news, strict rules apply and a fairly definite language. In the interview the journalist enjoys a greater freedom of expression always limited by the reporting function. If you write a story, you can use syntax, unusual in the news, or develop more creative descriptions, but you can not forget that the aim is above all deeply inform the reader about certain facts. If our creativity is an added difficulty for the reader to receive the data information in a clear and direct, we will have wrong approach. Remain valid to report the following rules governing the news: objectivity, clarity and accuracy.
The objective reporting consists of two parts: the lead and the switch body. The lead of the report seeks to gain the attention of the reader from the first sentence, unlike the lead of the news that the prime role is to condense the essence of the story. It is not necessary lead to news that meets the essential details of events or developments described. Aims to capture the reader's interest to continue reading the story. This may lead to apply different formulas using: irony, contrast or surprise. When the reporter deems appropriate may also be used the lead feature of the news reporting.
In the body of the article the journalist does not have to adhere to the structure of the inverted pyramid in the news almost mandatory. In addition to applying this structure when appropriate the journalist can combine essential data with additional data to keep the reader's interest and the intensity of the story. In the report is not required exposure data in strict order of importance.
Interview The interview can be seen as a specific type of report. Although its characteristic features can also turn it into a journalistic genre completely differential. What matters is to understand that the interview belongs to the genus interpretation.
The interview is a genre that is very present today in the press. Both newspapers and the weeklies or other periodicals devoted many of its pages to offer its readers interviews with those public figures who are considered relevant. Allow the reader a virtual approach, a direct knowledge of those characters that are interesting, admired, dear ...
There are different types of interviews, but the journalistic interview for excellence is known as a personality interview. The journalist, in this case, try to collect truthfully the personality the interviewee. Share with your readers those most significant elements of the conversation he had with that character.
drafting technique of alternating the interview descriptions or considerations made by the journalist with the exact words of the interviewee. This combination allows the reader to penetrate the psychology of the character. The reporter introduced into their considerations interpretative elements.
personality interviews usually have a considerable extension that can reach different pages and are often accompanied by a photo essay depicting the image of the interviewee, while the text of the interview is designed to portray the "spirit" of it.
journalists engaged in this type of interviews should know to persuade the respondent to create a climate of conversation pleasant enough to display the character as it really is. Interviews possibly preferred by readers are those that respondents show their true personality, often hidden behind a particular public image. Get
extract interesting and honest opinions of the interviewee depends largely on the skill and psychology of the author himself. The interview should always spend a pleasant conversation to the respondent. On many occasions the respondent part of a distrustful attitude but questions and the conversation of the journalist get a more expressive disposition and sincere on his part.
editorial
The Press adds to its functions of reporting and interpreting a third that is to say about today. Various journalistic formulas that can be defined as genres of view, trying to develop this feature.
One such formula is the editorial. The editorial is an opinion that is not signed by any person but that includes the institutional and collective opinion of the newspaper or magazine. That institutional grants to such great public importance articles. Readers can find the open and direct view of the environment on various topical issues and their underlying ideological positions.
All publishers say about reports in the same number or recent issues. The topics discussed in an editorial today are those that involve a greater significance and great importance. May focus on political, economic, social, etc.
publishers may find controversial, colder, stronger, more meaningful, more expository or more combative, as the position held by the media.
Journalists often produce specialized editorials in this task and enjoy the absolute confidence of the Director. The newspapers have an editorial board that debate, outlines and decide what will be the institutional views to be defended before the public through editorials. The editorials of the day are grouped into what is termed the editorial page.
The writer has great expressive freedom without forgetting the need to be clear and precise. The style tends to be severe and dignified, consistent with the importance of the issue. I never used the staff of the journalist who wrote and expressed the collective opinion of the newspaper or magazine. The editorial
not used the introductory paragraphs, the space is limited and faces from the first sentence the subject that is to say. Any editorial usually contains: a first part that says and recalls the subject, a second in which it develops the analysis and interpretation raises and ends with a third with the presentation of a position and a definite opinion. This view can be formulated as a solution, forecast or criticism. In these items are especially critical to achieve the purpose editorializante, the first and last paragraphs.
To write an editorial, the journalist must know thoroughly the topic on which to comment to the newspaper's opinion never be contradictory inconsistent or weak arguments as this will damage the overall credibility of the publication.
reserved newspapers editorials to comment on major issues, but they have other ways of institutional opinions on issues of lesser importance or to do a somewhat lighter and less deep on matters of great interest. Among these methods we can cite the loose or short articles to the style of stings, and laurel, in which the daily rewards and punishes certain conduct of persons or institutions.
The opinion article The opinion piece has a large presence in the press. In such opinions are specific items raised by a current topic. Item
functions are similar to those of the publisher. It offers ratings, reviews and analysis on various news. Unlike the editorial, the paper is signed and is the personal opinion of its author. Sometimes even this view may disagree clear from the newspaper's institutional position expressed in its editorials. Another difference to keep in mind is that the topics covered in the articles could be much more varied as the address only news publishers who have a great relevance.
expressive freedom enjoyed by writers is almost certainly much greater than that of the editors. The writer can choose the shade, perspective, reliability, etc, with which you want to go to his readers, while the writer is always submitted in writing to a certain solemnity.
The opinion article is closely linked to the author, so their credibility and influence depend on the prestige and authority that the firm deserves to readers.
items usually have a length between five hundred and eight hundred words and not have to be written by journalists. Any professional can express an opinion. But are journalists or not, writers often be contrasted professionals with many years of experience and a track known to the public.
We can distinguish two types of writers: those that address any issue of current and publish your articles with a certain regularity, and those who publish, periodically or occasionally, articles on matters pertaining to their specialty.
Within the op-ed columns can be distinguished personal. The columns are spaces reserved for newspapers and magazines notable writers of reputation, with regular intervals. Freedom of expression in these cases is total with only two limitations: the number of words established by the paper and clarity due to readers. Constitute a hybrid genre between literature and journalism.
columnist must meet two qualifications: a virtuoso mastery of language, which materialized in a unique style and an ability to offer a different and unique perspective on facts pertaining to the present. The degree of complicity with the columnist takes readers is very high.
Lorenzo Gomis, a leading English journalist and columnist, wrote: "A newspaper column is full of time. It is a box with time indoors. Is a bottle thrown into the sea, from an island, so that a passing ship and find it read the message. "
Criticism Another kind of journalism that can make a difference in our press is critical. The work plays a critical interpretation of various cultural events.
journalistic criticism has three functions simultaneously: reports, guides and educates readers. The cultural and entertainment section concentrates most of the criticisms in the newspaper, but within this section are all journalistic genres: news (an example is the cultural review), reports, interviews, reviews and criticism. Today
cultural and artistic production is very high, the less analyzed from strictly quantitative values. The weekly film premieres overwhelm even the moviegoers themselves. Publishing companies offer monthly to hundreds of new features are available in bookstores in a short space of time. The number of exposures that can be visited in any provincial capital is abundant. Since then this great cultural offerings are enriching for society but also has a number of risks, probably the most important is that of confusion. The criticism is becoming more important, precisely because its main task is to guide the public and filter, in a sense, those works that meet some minimum artistic qualities.
The task of the critic is always controversial and do not forget that moves in the territory of the personal opinion of the subjective assessment. You can read two different reviews on the same book with conflicting judgments. While for a critical text can be a minor work of a great writer, for the other deserves the title of masterpiece. This freedom from critical to implementing their own artistic criteria to the work discussed benefits to readers and critics who can choose their credibility and deserve to suit their own tastes.
It is vital for journalists dedicated to criticism, a high proportion in this thematic issue. The critic is a specialist, or at least should be, on the subject being analyzed. Must substantiate and prove what he says, without falling into dogmatism or totalitarian opinion.
journalistic criticism is a distinct genre of journalism that meets the specific functions and also by a number of characteristics: it must be brief but not superficial, agile and fast but at the same time thoughtful, thorough and reasoned. Its cultural tone is high but necessarily must be intelligible, understandable for any reader: the critic must not forget that not writing for specialists.
The critic must be true to high demands in terms of professional ethics can not be influenced by their own interests or personal weaknesses when making their interpretation and view on the artwork. Not to praise freely, acting more as a propagandist than critical, or unjustly attacking with intent to ridicule and undermine the work and its author. Your attitude should be based on fairness and respect for those who judge, although expressing the shortcomings and defects in its sole discretion arises. Must be positive, highlighting the qualities of judging first and then referring to the shortcomings and negative evaluations.
For a good critic, there are three qualities: first, a great love and tenderness for art criticism to exercise a profound knowledge of the specific criteria and solid.
pages dedicated to culture and entertainment, and weekly cultural supplement, are the places where criticism is developed with greater intensity. Also important in any magazines, especially those specializing in art and culture.
There are different types of criticism in terms of the topics addressed: literary criticism, film critic, theater critic, music critic, art critic (painting, sculpture and architecture). Finally we must mention the criticism of radio and television which is responsible for evaluating their programs. Specialized Journalism
Besides gender, the press also can distinguish the content according to their degree of specialization. The complexity of today and, in general, our society has meant that the press and journalists to evolve towards higher levels of expertise. There
publications with a generic and diverse themes and other publications that choose to specialize in a subject which aims to inform its readers in-depth. This decision directly affects the work of journalists and news markets.
This is a clear distinction that we can establish in the field of press, but even in a newspaper of general information sections are set with a view to classifying and specialized news. Journalists, not forgetting to take a broad view now need more and more intense in-depth knowledge of that specific field on which to inform their readers.
A journalist writing in the economy section requires a high degree of expertise in this field to understand and effectively communicate all the news impacting the world economy. The same applies to a journalist specializing in sports or another in national politics, health, science, education, etc.
The big newspapers try to compete with the media (radio and TV) or digital (information available on the Internet) offering readers a complete information, with interpretation and opinion. Are increasingly important booklets or weekly supplements devoted to providing news on a particular topic: economy and employment, science and technology, health, culture, education, etc.
In the editorial offices of newspapers and magazines called generalists coexist journalists willing to cover and report on any news, and those specializing in a specific topic. For the operation of the press, both professionals are essential.
The journalist combines professional experience and extensive knowledge in a particular area of \u200b\u200bexpertise to the implementation of general journalistic skills that allow you to inform the public effectively. This second ability makes him different from the professional specialists, who are not journalists but collaborate with the media as writers or consultants who are not proficient at the language and many other journalistic expertise handling the journalist to report clearly, even on those more complex news.
But print media can also choose to specialize their content in an absolute manner. So we can buy in kiosks gossip magazines (which only report the news called "pink" or "heart"), computer magazines, journals devoted to sport in general or a particular sport, scientific journals, parascientific, etc. This type of press has a more homogeneous groups that may have a general information magazine and it has a number of business benefits in regard to the sale of advertising, audience awareness, etc.
